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IP Ingress Protection Testing

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Update time : 2026-03-02

Introduction to IP Testing

1. Purpose of IP Testing: To verify the protective function of the product enclosure

①　Prevent human body from approaching hazardous components inside the enclosure;

②　Prevent solid foreign objects from entering the equipment inside the enclosure;

③　Prevent harmful effects on the equipment caused by water entering the enclosure.

2. Meaning of IP Protection Rating: International Protection, e.g. IP67

①　6 is the first characteristic digit, representing dust protection rating

②　7 is the second characteristic digit, representing water protection rating

3. Meaning and Requirements of Each Dust Protection Rating

Dust Protection Rating	Meaning	Requirement
IP0X	No protection	No requirement
IP1X	Protection against solid foreign objects – back of hand	The 50 mm diameter spherical test probe shall keep sufficient distance from hazardous components
IP2X	Protection against solid foreign objects – finger	The 12.5 mm diameter, 80 mm long hinged test finger shall keep sufficient clearance from hazardous components
IP3X	Protection against solid foreign objects – tools	The 2.5 mm diameter test probe shall not enter the enclosure
IP4X	Protection against solid foreign objects – metal wire	The 1 mm diameter test probe shall not enter the enclosure
IP5X	Dust protected	Dust shall not affect the normal operation and safety performance of the equipment
IP6X	Dust-tight	No dust ingress

4. Meaning and Requirements of Each Water Protection Rating

Water Protection Rating	Meaning	Requirement
IPX0	No protection	No requirement
IPX1	Protection against vertically falling water drops	No harmful effect from vertically falling water drops • Water flow rate: 1 mm/min • Sample holder rotation speed: 1 r/min • Test duration: 10 minutes
IPX2	Protection against vertically falling water drops when enclosure tilted at 15°	No harmful effect when each vertical surface of the enclosure is tilted within 15° from vertical • Water flow rate: 3 mm/min • Sample holder rotation speed: stationary • Sample mounting angle: tilted 15° from vertical on two mutually perpendicular planes • Test duration: 2.5 minutes per vertical surface
IPX3	Protection against spraying water	No harmful effect from water spraying within 60° of all vertical surfaces of the enclosure • Water flow rate: 0.07 L/min per nozzle • Sample holder rotation speed: 1 r/min • Oscillating tube swing angle: ±60°, total 120° • Oscillating tube speed: 60°/s • Water outlet nozzles: 120° arc • Distance between sample and nozzles: 200 mm • Test duration: test 5 minutes, rotate sample 90° horizontally and test another 5 minutes, total 10 minutes
IPX4	Protection against splashing water	No harmful effect from water splashing on the enclosure from any direction • Water flow rate: 0.07 L/min per nozzle • Sample holder rotation speed: 1 r/min • Oscillating tube swing angle: ±180°, total 360° • Oscillating tube speed: 60°/s • Water outlet nozzles: 120° arc • Distance between sample and nozzles: 200 mm • Test duration: 10 minutes
IPX5	Protection against water jets	No harmful effect from water jets on the enclosure from any direction • Water flow rate: 12.5±0.625 L/min • Sample holder rotation speed: 1 r/min • Nozzle inner diameter: 6.3 mm • Distance between sample and nozzle: 2.5–3.0 m • Test duration: 3 minutes
IPX6	Protection against powerful water jets	No harmful effect from powerful water jets on the enclosure from any direction • Water flow rate: 100±5 L/min • Sample holder rotation speed: 1 r/min • Nozzle inner diameter: 12.5 mm • Distance between sample and nozzle: 2.5–3.0 m • Test duration: 3 minutes
IPX7	Protection against short-time immersion	Immersion at 1 m depth for 30 minutes, no harmful effect • For enclosures with height ＜ 850 mm: the lowest point shall be 1000 mm below water surface; • For enclosures with height ≥ 850 mm: the highest point shall be 150 mm below water surface; • Test duration: 30 minutes
IPX8	Protection against continuous immersion	Water depth / immersion time defined by customer (higher than Level 7), no harmful effect • Test water depth and time specified by manufacturer, test conditions exceed IPX7.
IPX9	Protection against high-temperature / high-pressure water jets	• Spray angles: 0°, 30°, 60°, 90° • Spray temperature: 80℃ • Spray distance: 175±25 mm • Turntable rotation speed: 5±1 r/min • Water flow rate: 15±1 L/min • Test duration: 30 seconds per angle