Routine Five Tests for Biocompatibility

Biocompatibility testing is a concept involving various complex biological, physical, and chemical reactions between biomaterials and the human body. It is also a central theme in biomaterial research. Generally speaking, biocompatibility refers to the degree to which a material, upon contact with the human body, is compatible with it—that is, whether it will cause toxic effects on human tissues. In this article, we will share the routine five tests for biocompatibility.

01 Cytotoxicity Test

This test evaluates the impact of medical devices or materials on cell growth and viability, usually by observing the effects of material extracts on cells using in vitro cell culture methods.

02 Sensitization Test

This test is used to assess the potential allergic reactions that might be triggered. It is typically conducted through skin contact tests or intracutaneous injection tests.

03 Intracutaneous Reaction or Skin Irritation Test

This test evaluates the irritation effects of medical devices or materials on local tissues. It involves skin or mucous membrane contact tests to observe whether there are irritation symptoms such as redness, swelling, or pain.

04 Acute Systemic Toxicity Test

This test assesses the toxic effects of medical devices or materials on the whole body. It is usually conducted through animal testing to observe whether systemic toxic reactions occur after the animals come into contact with the material.

05 Pyrogen Test

This test evaluates whether the pyrogen levels in the medical device sample meet the required standards. A specific dose of the sample is injected intravenously into rabbits, and their body temperature is monitored within a stipulated time frame to determine whether the pyrogen levels in the sample meet the required limits.

These five tests are crucial components of biocompatibility testing for medical devices. Their results are essential to ensure the safety and efficacy of medical devices.

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