Socks Compliance Certification for Europe, USA

The following introduces socks compliance requirements from three perspectives: international standards, Chinese standards, and major testing items.

Certification RegULations and Standard Systems

Socks standards are generally divided into mandatory standardsand recommended standards.

- Mandatory standards: Mainly address the most basic safety, health, and technical requirements. Products must comply in order to be marketed.

Example: China’s gb 18401 and GB 31701.

- Recommended standards: Specify physical performance, wearing performance, and quality level indicators. They are often used as a benchmark for product quality grading.

Example: China’s FZ/T 73001, U.S. ASTM D4234, etc.

Chinese Standards

- GB 18401-2010 National General Safety Technical Code for Textile Products (Mandatory)

- Core content: The baseline safety regulation for all textile products (including socks). Textiles are classified into three categories based on end use: A (infant), B (direct skin contact), C (non-direct skin contact). Socks fall under Category B.

- Main controlled items: Formaldehyde content, pH value, odor, banned aromatic amine dyes, and colorfastness to water, perspiration, rubbing, saliva.

- GB 31701-2015 Safety Technical Code for Infant and Children’s Textile Products (Mandatory)

- Core content: Applies specifically to textiles for infants (≤36 months) and children (≤14 years). Children’s socks must comply.

- Main controlled items: Builds upon GB 18401 with stricter requirements for mechanical safety (e.g., drawstring limits), tensile strength of attachments, flammability, etc.

- FZ/T 73001-2016 Socks (Recommended Industry Standard)

- Core content: The most important product standard for socks in China. Specifies dimensions, sizing, technical requirements (internal and external quality), test methods, and inspection rules. Used to define premium, first-class, and qualified products.

- FZ/T 73023-2006 Antibacterial Knitted Products(for antibacterial socks)

- FZ/T 73056-2016 Knitted Sports Socks(for sports socks)

International Standards

- United States

- CPSC Regulations: Mandatory requirements on lead content and flammability in textiles.

- ASTM D4234-23: Standard specification for men’s and women’s dress and career socks.

- ASTM F2894-19: Standard specification for men’s and women’s athletic socks.

- European Union

- reach regulation (EC) No 1907/2006: Governs registration, evaluation, authorization, and restriction of cheMICals. Restricts harmful substances such as azo dyes and nickel release.

- OEKO-TEX® Standard 100: A globally recognized voluntary eco-label. Divides textiles into four classes based on intended use, setting limits on hundREDs of harmful substances. Widely trusted by brands and consumers.

Key Testing Items

01. Internal Quality (Physical Performance & Chemical Safety)

a. Chemical Safety Tests

- Formaldehyde content: Excess may irritate skin and respiratory system; must be strictly controlled.

- pH value: Human skin is weakly acidic; abnormal pH in textiles may cause discomfort or allergies.

- Banned aromatic amine dyes: Forbidden due to potential release of carcinogenic amines.

- Odor: Must not have moldy, petroleum, fishy, or aromatic hydrocarbon odors, which indicate contamination.

- Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, etc.): Especially for children’s socks, to avoid ingestion during chewing.

b. Colorfastness Tests

- Rubbing fastness (dry/wet): Resistance of colors to rubbing. Poor wet fastness may cause staining.

- Perspiration fastness: Stability of color under sweat exposure.

- Washing fastness: Changes in color after laundering and staining of other fabrics.

c. Physical Performance Tests

- Fiber composition & content: Must match labeling; ensures consumer right to know.

- Bursting/tearing strength: Tests durability at stress points such as heels and toes.

- Elasticity & recovery: Checks whether cuff elasticity is durable.

- Abrasion resistance: Simulates sock wear against shoes.

- Pilling resistance: Evaluates surface fuzzing/pilling after friction.

- Dimensional stability (after washing): Measures shrinkage/deformation after laundering.

- Rib extension/elongation: Evaluates stretch of sock cuffs.

d. Special Function Tests (if claimed)

- Antibacterial performance: For antibacterial socks, test bacteriostatic rate.

- UV protection (UPF): For sun-protective socks.

- Moisture absorption & quick-dry: For sports socks, test sweat absorption/wicking speed.

02. External Quality

- Dimensions: Verify total length, cuff length, foot length match labeled sizes.

- Surface defects: Inspect for holes, broken yarns, missed stitches, oil stains, color shading, or foreign matter.

- Seam quality: Ensure toe seams are flat and secure, with no sharp protruding threads (especially for children’s socks).

- Symmetry: Both socks in a pair must match in size, color, and pattern.

Compliance Guidance for Enterprises

- Must comply with mandatory regulationsin target markets (e.g., GB 18401 in China, REACH in EU).

- Select appropriate product standards(e.g., FZ/T 73001, ASTM F2894) based on product positioning (casual socks, sports socks, children’s socks).

- Conduct regular testingof raw materials and finished products, focusing on chemical safety and key physical performance indicators.