 
  what biocompatibility testing is needed for retractors? Three common biocompatibility tests are necessary, namely cytotoxicity, skin irritation, and skin sensitization testing.

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cytotoxicity test (3 weeks)
Cytotoxicity test (MTT method) ( iso 10993-5)
Cytotoxicity test (agar method) (ISO 10993-5 / USP 87)
Cytotoxicity test (membrane filter method) (ISO 10993-5)
Cytotoxicity test (direct contact method) (ISO 10993-5 / USP 87)
Cytotoxicity Test (Elution Method) (USP 87)
Skin irritation and sensitization testing
Sensitization test (maximum dose method/patch method)  (iso 10993-10) (6 - 8 weeks)
Skin irritation test (ISO 10993-10) (3 weeks)
Intradermal irritation test (ISO 10993-10 / USP 88) (3 weeks)
Oral irritation test (with histopathology reading) (ISO 10993-10) (8 - 10 weeks)
Vaginal irritation test (with histopathology reading) (ISO 10993-10) (8 - 10 weeks)
Penile stimulation test (with histopathology reading) ( ISO 10993-10) (8 - 10 weeks)
Rectal irritation test (with histopathology reading) (ISO 10993-10) (3 months)
Eye irritation test (ISO 10993-10) (3 - 4 weeks)
Systemic toxicity test
Acute systemic toxicity test (ISO 10993-11 / USP 88) (3 weeks)
Subacute systemic toxicity test (14 / 28 days) (ISO 10993-11) (6 weeks / 8 weeks)
Sub-/ Chronic Systemic Toxicity Test (90 / 180 days) (ISO 10993-11) (5 months / 8 months)
Pyrogen test (ISO 10993-11) (3 weeks)
Post-implantation local reaction test (starting from 4 weeks)
Subcutaneous implant test (iso 10993-6)
Muscle implant testing (ISO 10993-6)
Bone Implant Testing (ISO 10993-6)
Blood compatibility test (2 weeks)
Hemolysis test  ( ISO 10993-4/GB)
Hemolysis Test (ASTM F756)
Coagulation test (ISO 10993-4 / GB)
Platelet count test
Complement test (ISO 10993-4 / GB)
Thrombosis test (in vivo, in vitro) (ISO 10993-4 / GB)
Genotoxicity/ Genetic Toxicity Testing (ISO 10993-3)
Bacterial resilience test  (8 weeks)
Mouse lymphoma test (10 weeks)
Chromosome aberration test (10 weeks)
Micronucleus test (mice) (10 weeks)
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